Process for the separation of hydrocarbons



Filed April 6, 1942 Patented Oct.` 9, 1945 orrlcs PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION F HYDDOCARBONS Lloyd C. Morris, Bartlesville, Okla., asslgnor to Phillips Petroleum Com Delaware pany, a corporation of Application April 6, 1942, Serlal'No. 437,904

(Cl. 26o-666) 13 Claims.

This invention relates to a process for the separation of the components of hydrocarbon mixtures;WMorespeciflcally, it concerns a chemical process for the above mentioned separation lthrough formation of metal salt-hydrocarbon ing on the catalyst, the charge stock, and the conditions used.

The mixtures obtained from thermal and/or catalytic hydrocarbon conversion processes are customarily subjected to a preliminary fractionation wherein portions consisting essentially of hydrocarbons of the ,same number of carbon atoms per molecule are produced. These fractions are, in turn, complex mixtures, consisting of representatives of many dierent classes of hydrocarbons. For instance, a, C5 hydrocarbon mixture with a F. boiling range segregated from the products of a low pressure cracking process contained appreciable proportions of aliphatic oleiins, aliphatic diolens, cyclic oleiins and cyclic dioleflns.

Further fractionation of such mixtures may yield products with narrower boiling ranges, but such procedures are expensive, and in many cases formation4 of constant boiling mixtures makes separation and recovery of the pure components by conventional fractionation impossible. Such constant boiling mixtures are formed particularly between hydrocarbons of different types,

such as cycloolens with diolens, naphthenes with parafiins, aromatics with various aliphatics,

I etc.

Azeotropic distillation with various substances added as entraining agents has been used for this type of separation but such methods have many inherent disadvantages among which are quent utilization of the product.

In the light of the above discussion, the utility of a selective chemical separation process for the treatment of hydrocarbon mixtures will be 5@ apparent. 'I'he'elfectiveness of such a process may be vbased on the separation and recovery of one or more compounds or classes of compounds in substantially pure form. IAlso, when used in conjunction with operations such as fractionation, chemical processes may result in a degree of separation impossible by purely physical means.

Various chemical separations of hydrocarbons have been previously proposed, but in general, these have been useful in only a single'step to remove and/or recover a single type of hydrocarbon compound; for instance, the separation of olelns from paraflins, or the separation of dioleiins from other hydrocarbons. Also, in many cases, as the use of maleic anhydride in the last mentioned separation, the chemical reaction is substantially irreversible' and one or more of the classes ofv hydrocarbons cannot be recovered. The advantages of my process compared `with those suggested earlier will become apparent from the following disclosure.

It is an object of this invention to provide a process for the separation of hydrocarbons of different types. Another object is to utilize the selective formation of cuprous halide-hydrocarboncomplexestoaccomplish such separations. A further object'is to provide a chemical procedure for the separation of the components of hy- 'drocarb/on mixtures of such closely adjacent boiling points that practical concentration by fractional distillation of the mixtures is dimcult or impossible. A further object is to provide a process for the resolution of complex hydrocarbon mixtures comprising saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and cyclic compounds into as many as four portions:Y comprising essentially (1) parafiins, naphthenes, and//or aromatics, (2) aliphatic oleiins, (3) cyclic olens, and (4) aliphatic diolens. A still further object is to provide for the concentration, or separation in substantially pure form if desired, of the various types of hydrocarbonsl referred to above. Another object is to provide a process for the manufacture of cyclic olens' suitable for use in synthetic chemistry, for the preparation of special motor fuel blends, etc. Yet another object is to provide for the manufacture of substantially pure diolefins for use in polymerization to useful products such as synthetic rubber and resins. Vari-` ous other objects will be apparent from the more detailed disclosure which follows.

It is known that aliphatic oleflns and diolens undergo a thermally reversible reaction with various metal salts such 'as lthose of the heavy pose to describe an improved chemical procedure whereby hydrocarbon mixtures may beresolved into various classes with satisfactory recovery of any or all'classes including the non-reactive hydrocarbons as a class.

In its basic aspects, my process for the segregation and recovery of the components of hydrocarbon mixtures of the typedescribed comprises reacting thel hydrocarbon mixture with aqueous cuprous halide reagents under conditions which cause formation of hydrocarbon-cuprous halide complex compounds.` By this operation, any hydrocarbon mixture is resolved into three types of components, as follows: (l) components nonreactive with cuprous halides, (2) components forming complex compounds` soluble in the aqueous reagent, and (3) components, including cyclic oleiins, forming complex compounds insoluble in the reaction mixture. Thus a separation may be accomplished, with the compounds corresponding to the above-listed types comprising (l) parafilns, naphthenes and/or aromatics, (2) aliphatic oleflns and (3) aliphatic dioleiins and cyclic olefins. In addition, my process includes a method for the separation and recovery of cyclic oleflns and aliphatic dioleiins by a procedure combining fractional precipitation of the insoluble complex .compounds and fractional decomposition of the precipitates at a series of selected temperature levels.

In order to point out more clearly the various steps in the operation of myprocess,the accompanying drawing is provided. This drawing represents a ow diagram, one of the many possible arrangements of equipment for detailed segregation of the components of a hydrocarbon mixture of the type described. In the drawing, the hydrocarbon mixture from line-I is mixed with a predetermined amount of cuprous halide reagent fromstorage 2 in reaction zone v3. From zone 3 unreacted hydrocarbons are removed through line 4, used aqueous solution is taken through line 5, and the fraction of precipitated complex compounds is taken into unit 5.

This operation is repeated with the hydrocarbon passing through line 4 being mixed with an additional quantity of cuprous halide reagent from storage 'I in reaction zone 8. Again, vthe unreacted hydrocarbons are removed through line 9, while used solution is taken through line I and the second fraction of precipitated complex compounds is taken to unit II.

The hydrocarbons passing through line 9 are given a third treatment with an excess of cuprous halide from storage I2 in reaction zone I3 which may be held at a relatively much higher pressure than zones 3 and 3. From zone I3, the unreacted hydrocarbons pass through line I4 to storage I'I, the third fraction of precipitated complexes is taken to unit I6, while the used solution passes through line I5 to regenerating zone I8 into which may also come the used solutions from zones 3 and I through lines i and I0. By pressure reduc-- tion and/or heating in zone I8, the cuprous halide 'solution is substantially freed of dissolved hydrocarbon complex compounds and the hydrocarbons consisting essentially of aliphatic oleflns are taken to storage I9. The regenerate solution in line 23 may -be returned to reagent storage vessels, usually aiter adjustment oi' the cuprous halide concentration.

In some instances, the cuprous halide reagent in the first storage vessel may be different from the reagent used in subsequent reaction zones. This reagent solution may then be segregated by return to the storage vessel through line 32.

Such a procedure may of courseA be extended to.

subsequent stages as is indicated `for the second reaction zone by means of reagent recycle line 33. The fractions of precipitated cuprous halide complex compounds in units 6, II, and I6 are treated to release the hydrocarbons by heating for suitable periods at selected temperature levels between about 125 and 200 F. From unit 6, the hydrocarbons desorbed at temperatures up to about 175 F. comprise cyclic oleiins and are taken through line 20 to storage 2|. Any further hydrocarbons desorbed at temperatures above about 175 F. may also include aliphatic dioleiins, and may be taken through lines 28 and 29 and added to the hydrocarbon stream in line 4.

The hydrocarbons desorbed in unit II at temperaturesv below about 175 F. are normally predominantly-cyclic olens and are taken through duced, and this mixture may be taken through lines 30 and 29 for recycling through line 4. Higher temperatures up to about 200 F. may then producer high purity aliphatic dioleiins which pass through lines 22 and 25 to storage 26.

The desorption in unit I6 may produce substantially only aliphatic diolefins which are taken through line 21 to storage 26. If mixtures are released at temperatures below about 185 F., these mixtures may be returned for treatment through lines 3l and 29 to the hydrocarbon stream in line 4.

The operations illustrated in the flow diagram are obviously capable of extensive modifications, depending on the composition of the hydrocarbon mixtures treated. the degree of separation desired, and the purity of the various types of hydrocarbons recovered. ,Some of the more apparent alternative operations will be described, although no attempt will be made to include all the modifications possible within the scope of the present disclosure.

The process is not limited to any particular number of reaction steps nor to the use of'the same reagent in each reaction zone. Since the cyclic olens react more readily than the aliphatic dolefins to form insoluble complex compounds, the cyclic olefin content of a mixture may be rather completely separated and recovered in very pure form by employing a larger number of treating steps each designed to `precipitate a proportionately smaller fraction of the cyclic olen and/or aliphatic diolen content. When this is done, the co-precipitation of cyclic oleflns and aliphatic diolefins may be substantially restricted and the fractional desorption procedure may be of less importance with recycling of smaller mixed hydrocarbon fractions.

Conversely, fewer treating steps may be used to react proportionately larger fractions of the cyclic olefin and/or aliphatic diolenn content. In this method. one or more relatively large mixed fractions may be' obtained which are resolved by control of the desorption temperature, more complete separation being obtained by using a greater number of temperature levels.

In either case, depending on the cyclic oleflnaliphatic diolefln concentration ratio, the choice of the number of treating' steps and the control oi desorption temperatures produce a very satisfactory separation and recovery of these classes of hydrocarbons.

The initial precipitation and recovery of high 'purity cyclic oleiins may be made even more selective through theI use of cuprous bromide reagents and/or of strongly acidic Asolutions of either cuprous bromide or chloride in the initial stage or stages of the fractional precipitation procedure. Both modifications increase the selectivity of reaction with cyclic oleiins, perhaps by retarding aliphatic diolefin precipitation, and may be employed as dictated by the composition of the original hydrocarbon mixture to increase the efllciency of the separation in fewer steps.

The process permits reagent segregation, and a relatively neutral or basic cuprous halide reagent may be employed in the precipitation of aliphatic diolens as Well as in the separation of aliphatic Aoleiins in later stages after acidic solutions have been used in the initial treating steps. In such cases, the used solutions from the reaction zones are returned to the proper supply vessels instead of being taken to a common regenerating zone. The cuprous halide content of the reagent solutions may be renewed either in the supply vessel or elsewhere as desired.

The amounts of cuprous halide supplied to tion of either the cyclic olefin or the aliphatic diolen content. The amount of reagent and the fraction reacted is usually chosen to produce at least one portion of cyclic oleiins and one of aliphatic dioleflns of high purity, while the 'fractions yielding mixtures are held to a minimum. When either class is present in relatively large excess, the fractions precipitated are ordinarily based on the predominant compound. For example, in treating a hydrocarbon mixture containing an excess of cyclic olens compared to aliphatic diolefins, the quantity of reagent for each treating step may be based on the cyclic olefin content, with one or more fractions of substantially pure cyclic olen complex being obtained. Then, when sufficient cuprous halide has been furnished in several stages to react with say 100 to 110 per cent of the original cyclic olefin content, the unreacted aliphatic dioleiinsl may ordinarily be precipitated substantially free of cyclic olens. This last named operation may be made in a series of steps or preferably in a single step with excess cuprous halide.

Since the fractional precipitation procedure usually requires in most stages the use of insufficient cuprous halide, the used solutions from the rst reaction zones will bey substantially spent. .The amount of dissolved aliphatic oleiln complex in these spent solutions may, therefore, be very small, and the solutions may be returned to the supply vessel without treatment for valiphatic olefin recovery.v Thus, the aliphatic olen recov'ery is somewhat limited to those re` action zones supplied with an excess of cuprous halide although itmay be expedient for other reasons to recomblne the various portions of used solution of similar nature prior to regenera. 'l

precipitated is only a fraction of the total insoluble complexes obtainable Afrom the hydrocarbon mixture.

When aliphatic `dioleflns are absent from a hydrocarbon mixture to be treated by the present process, the procedure is greatly simplified. One or more treating steps may be employed and after contacting the hydrocarbons with excess cuprous halide reagent, the separation of soluble aliphatic olefin and insoluble cyclic olen cuprous halide complexes from non-reactive hydrocarbons may be readily effected.

The cuprous halide reagents employed in my process may be aqueous solutions and/or suspensions of cuprous chloride or bromide, or even in some specic cases solid reagents which feature the halide distributed on the surface of a suitable carrier material. As indicated above, the nature and composition of the reagent may be diierent in the various reaction zones of the process. Thus, clear aqueous solutions are often preferred in the fractional precipitation and separation of cyclic olen and/or aliphatic diolens. Solutions containing solid cuprous halide in suspension may be suitable for other stages of the process wherein an excess of cuprous halide is permissible or a relatively complete separation of the solid material from the solution is not required.

The cuprous halide solutions may be prepared throughl the agency of solutizers such as the water-soluble haldes of the alkali and alkaline earth metals. For example, cuprous chloride solutions in water saturated with sodium or ammonium chlorides are often employed. These solutions have a pH on the acid side due to the buffering action of the dissolved salts, although the pH is not ordinarily below about 3; The reagents described herein as acidic ordinarily contain added non-oxidizing strong mineral acid in concentrations ranging from about 0.1 to l0 normal or preferably from about 2 to about 8 normal. Such acidic solutions may be prepared by dissolving cuprous halide in a solution of the corresponding hydrogen halide, or by adding sufficient diluted non-oxidizing mineral acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid to a water solution oi cuprous halide and an alkali metal or ammonium halide. The various reagent solutions mayv also contain a minor proportion oi a suitable organic or inorganic reducing agent such as sodium bisulfite or hydroxylamine hydrochloride to minimize oxidation of the cuprous ion.

The reagent solutions and the cuprous halide l residue which is left following the decomposition Temperatures of about 35 to about 50 F. are

j hydrocarbons being treated and upon desired'reaction conditions. Pressures in the reaction zones are ordinarily low superatmospheric pressures between and 500 pounds per `square inch gage.

When treating hydrocarbon mixtures in liquid phase sufiicient pressure is supplied in the initial process stages to prevent vaporization and to maintain suitable ow rates through process equipment, including mixing devices, filters, and the like. Substantially higher pressures are often employed in the reaction zone wherein the aliphatic olefin complex is formed since this reaction is favored by higher pressures in excess of those necessary to maintain the hydrocarbon in the liquid state. Thus. in order to promote the formation of aliphatic olefin complex com-` pounds in the cuprous halide solution, pressures of 100 to 500 pounds per square inch gage have been employed.

Intimate contact between hydrocarbon liquids and the aqueous reagents is obtained through the use of suitable mixing devices such as centrifugal contactors, jet mixers and/or mechanical stir# ring devices of various types. The contact is maintained in each zone for a time sufdcient for the amount of reaction assigned to the particular zone. The contact time required will vary somewhat with the efciency of mixing, and while the reaction involved is substantially instantaneous, the actual time allowed in large-scale operations may range from about one minute lto about one hour.

Separation of the two liquid and one solid phases which may exist in the eiiluent from the reaction zones is accomplished by conventional means. The hydrocarbon phase is ordinarily settled free of aqueous and solid material and the solid precipitate may be separated from one or both of the liquid phases by means of decantation, centrifugation, pressure filtration, or the like. The hydrocarbon liquid and clear aqueous solution are then taken to subsequent process equipment while the solid material comprising cuprous halide complex compounds is treated for hydrocarbon recovery. i

The decomposition of the solid complex compounds is accomplished by heating to moderate superatmospheric temperatures in the range of about 125 to 200 F. or higher. `The thermal stability of the different classes of complex compoundsis quite different, and the fractional desorption operation employed with mixed precipitates is adjusted to this variation in decomposition rates at temperature levels within this range.

'I'he cyclic olefin-cuprous halide complex is decomposed at satisfactory rates when heated to 125 to 175 F. at atmospheric pressure, while the decomposition rate of the aliphatic diolefin complex is at a comparable level only at temperatures of 175 F. or higher, also at atmospheric pressure. Thus, in decomposing the precipitated complexes from the various reaction zones, cyclic olefin recovery may be accomplished at: temperatures below 175 if other complexes are present, or at still higher temperatures from substantially pure cyclic oleiln complexes. Similarly, aliphatic diolefin complexes may be freed of contaminants at temperatures below about 150 to 175 F., and the dioleiin recoveredr at temperatures of about 200 F. 'I'he rate of heating and the time provided at each temperature level will thus be determined by the composition of the precipitated Asolid material and/or the reaction zone from which it was obtained.

All the above named temperatures may be raised or lowered by corresponding changes in the pressure orf the desorption vessel. Thus, it may be desirable in some cases to use reduced pressures to enable the use of lower temperatures. although the comparative rate of decomposition of the different complex compounds is not greatly aifected. f Y

In the preparation of cyclic olen and/or aliphatic diolefln concentrates of high purity'it is often desirable to wash the separated solids from a reaction zone to remove adsorbed but uncombined hydrocarbons.. This is accomplished, according to one method, by washing the precipitate with a low-boiling parafiinic hydrocarbon liquid such as butane at temperatures below those causing decomposition of the complex compounds.

Any butane remaining in the solid material maythen be removed by conventional means.

The recovery of aliphatic olens from aqueous cuprous halide reagents is accomplished by raising the temperature of the reagent to evolve the hydrocarbons. This action is promoted by reduction of the pressure on the reagent, and either or both means may be employed to rapidly remove aliphatic oleflns from reagent solutions or'slurries. Temperatures favoring rapid decomposition of the aliphatic olefin-cuprous halide complex vary with the olefin, and may range from about to about 200 F. or higher. It is often desirable yto reduce the pressure on a cuprous halide solution containing aliphatic olefin complexes prior to raising the temperature to evolve the hydrocarbons. This sequence of operations aids in the removal of some dissolved but unreacted hydrocarbons and increases the purity of the aliphatic olefins subsequently recovered.

While my process may be used to treat petroleum or other hydrocarbon fractions of wide boiling range, it is frequently advantageous to precede treatment according to the present invention with fractionation'toproduce mixtures of relatively narrow boiling range. In many instances, preliminary fractionation may produce portions consisting of Ca and lighter, C4, C5, and Ce and heavier hydrocarbons, and my process may be applied to the last three portions or to the products of further fractionation of the original portions. For example, a C5 hydrocarbon mixture may be separated into a lower-boiling fraction and a higher-boiling fraction, with thelatter containing substantially all of the cyclo-olenic hydrocarbons.

The wider boiling range mixtures are treated with the recovery of several members of each class of compounds, the recovered concentrates produced by the process may be fractionated to seg-. regate each member of the class in substantial purity. Thus, when a mixture of cyclopentene and cyclohexene is obtained. the mixture may be fractionated to segregate each of the cyclic olens. Further, when a mixture of aromatic, paraflin and/or naphthene hydrocarbons is obtained after removal of other compounds with cuprous halide reagents, fractionation, azeotropic distilployed to separate the classes of hydrocarbons in such a mixture.

Generally, acetylenic hydrocarbons are present in small percentages, if at all. in the type of hydrocarbon mixtures usually encountered. The lower-boiling acetylenes are. readily removed by fractionation while others are preferably removed by selective chemical action or the like prior to treatment of the mixture by my process, in order to avoid unnecessary expenditure` of reagents. Cyclopentadiene and similar hydrocarbons are frequently present in appreciable quantities, and may so' through the process substantially unchanged. They are readily removed by autoor induced-dimerization followed by fractionation, either before or after treatment of the hydrocarbon mixture by my process, although preferably before.

The principles involved in this disclosure are exemplied by the following typical case, which is presented as one of many possible modifications and is not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.

Emmple A mixture of Cs hydrocarbons, free of acetylenes and cyclic diolens, was obtained-by fractionation of the eiliuent from a thermal cracking unit which was operating on. a charge of mixed ethane-propane. Analysis indicated that this mixture consisted principally of trimethylethylene, piperylene, cyclopentene, and cyclopentane:

This hydrocarbon mixture was intimately contacted in three successive stages of 45 F. and 25 pounds gage pressure with three portions of clear, saturated aqueous solution of cuprous chloride and ammonium chloride, containing in addition one per cent sodium bisulflte. Each portion of the reagent contained sulcient cuprous chloride to react with only 50 per cent of the cyclopentene in the mixture. Time of contact in each stage was limited so that most, although not all of the cuprous chloride in each portion of reagent was used up to form complexes. The precipitates formed by each portion oi' reagent were segregated. The irst was decomposed by heatingto 175 F. and the hydrocarbon recovered was 98 per cent cyclopentene. The second portion of precipitate was heated at 175 F., until decomposition had ceased. The maior portion of complex was decomposed-and the hydrocarbon ob tained was 98 per cent cyclopentene. The remainder of the precipitated complex was then heated for one hour at 200 F. The hydrocarbon recovered was `90 per cent cyclopenteneand 10 per cent piperylene; this mixture was recycled to the raw feed stream. The third portion of precipitated complex was decomposed in the same manner as the second. The hydrocarbon recovered at 175 F. was96 per cent cyclopentene. The minor proportion evolved at 200 F. was 80 per cent cyclofpentene and was recycled for further treatment.

The remaining unreacted hydrocarbon was intimately contacted at about 40 F. and 250 pounds gage pressure with a thin slurry oi cuprous chloride in a saturated solution of ammonium chloride and containing in addition one Der cent sodium bisulfite. After sumcient contacting to produce complete reaction, the unreacted hydrocarbon was separated from the mixture. The unreacted hydrocarbon proved `to be 95 per cent cyclopentane. The aqueills solution and precipitate were separated by tration and the solution was combined with that obtained in the three earlier precipitations. This combined solution was heated to 200 F. and the liberated hydrocarbon recovered. This hydrocarbon was 95 per cent trimethylethylene.

The precipitated complex from the last stage waswashed with -butane at 40 F. and 50 pounds gage. The butane was iiashed oil the solid and the precipitate was heated for two hours at each of the following temperatures; 140 F., 175 F.,

`and 200 F. The small amount of hydrocarbon evolved at 140 F. was 62 per cent piperylene, and a portion evolved at 175 F. was 80 per cent piperylene; these mixtures were recycled to the process. The remainder of Ithe precipitate was then decomposed at 200 F. to give 98 per cent ing the same with at least two portions of cuprous i halide reagent, at least 'one of said portions comprising an aqueous cuprousvhalide reagent, to precipitate portions of insoluble cuprous halidehydrocarbon complexes, whereby predominately cyclic olefins are separated by the rst portion and predominately aliphatic diolens are separated by the last portion, separating aliphatic oleiins by solution of their complexes in said aqueous reagent, and separating unreacted parafiins, naphthenes, or aromatics.

A2. A process as in claim l wherein at least the first portion of cuprous halide reagent comprises cuprous bromide.

3. A process for fthe separation of (1) cyclic oleiins, (2) aliphatic dioleiins, (3) aliphatic olefins, and (4) paraiins, naphthenes, or aromatics, which comprises contacting a mixture containingy the same with at least two portions of cuprous halide reagent, at least one of said portions comprising an aqueous cuprous halide reagent, to precipitate portions of insoluble cuprous halidehydrocarbon complexes and to dissolve soluble cuprous halide-hydrocarbon complexes, whereby said paraiilns, naphthenes, or aromatica are recovered substantially unreacted, and decomposing said complexes to recover predominantly cyclic olefins from at least the first portion of said insoluble complexes, predominantly aliphatic diolefins from at least the last portion of said insoluble complexes, and predominantly aliphatic olens from said soluble complexes.

4. A process as in claim 3 wherein at least the rst portion of cuprous .halide reagent comprises an aqueous solution containing a nonoxidizing strong mineral acid.

5. A process for the recovery of (1) cyclic ole'- ns, (2) aliphatic diolens.. (3) aliphatic oleiins, and (4) paraiiins, naphthenes, or aromatics, from a mixture containing the same, which comprises `contacting said mixture with an aqueous cuprous halide reagent to precipitate insoluble cuprous halide-hydrocarbon complexes and to dissolve soluble cuprous` halide-hydrocarbon complexes,

thus recovering said paraflins, naphthenes, or\

' chloride.

nately cyclic olens at the lower temperatures and predominately aliphatic dioleiins at the higher temperatures.

` 6. A process as in claim wherein said ,aqueous cuprous halide reagent comprises cuprous '7. A process for the separation and recovery of (1) cyclic oletlns (2) aliphatic `oleflns and (3) paraffin, naphthene, and aromatic hydrocarbons from mixtures containing the same which comprises contacting said mixtures in a reaction zone with an excess of aqueous cuprous halide reagent and thereby eiecting the precipitation of cyclic olens as an insoluble complex compound, the solution of aliphatic olelns in the reagent solution as a .soluble complex compound, and the rejection of paraiiln, naphthenevand aromatic hydrocarbons as substantially non-reactive, removing from the reaction zone and separating unreacted hydrocarbons, aqueous solution and precipitated solids, subjecting said aqueous solution to elevated temperature and a pressure substantially lower than that maintained in the reaction zone whereby predominantly aliphatic 01efm hydrocarbons are evolved, subjecting the precipitated solid material to elevated temperature to decompose the complex compound whereby predominantly cyclic oleflns are evolved. and recovering thereby (1) cyclic oleflns, (2) aliphatic olefins, and (3) parallin, naphthene and aromatic hydrocarbons in separate portions of greatly inthe hydrocarbons forming insoluble complex com-f pounds, the cuprous halide reagent in atleast vthe last reaction, zone being an aqueous reagent,

continuing said fractional precipitation to the extent that a substantial excess of cuprous halide is present in the final zone of said series after substantially complete precipitation of the insoluble complexes, removing from each of said reaction zones the unreactedhydrocarbons and solid cuprous halide complex compounds, the lastnamed comprising essentially cyclic olefin complex fr'om at least the first of said zones and aliphatic diolen complex from at least the last of said zones, passing the unreacted hydrocarbons in turn to each zone in said series and obtaining from the final zone a hydrocarbon concentrate of at least one of the group of parailin, naphthene,

, and aromatic compounds, treating the aqueous reagent from at least the nal reaction zone at elevated temperature and at a pressure substantially below that maintained in said nal reaction zone .to decompose aliphatic olen complex compounds dissolved therein and recover therefrom predominantly aliphatic olen hydrocarbons', heating the insoluble complexes from each of said zones to decompose same and recover the hydrocarbon content thereof, including heating the precipitated solid material from atleast some of said reaction zones at a series of increasingly higher temperature levels between a minimum temperature producingdecomposition of the cyclic oleiln complexer lesser thermal stability and a maximum temperature producing decomposition of the aliphatic dioleiin complex of greater thermal stability whereby substantial separation of cyclic olefins and aliphatic diolens evolved from co-precipitated complex compoundsjfrom intermediate reaction zones is effected, and combining and recovering the cyclic oleiins and the aliphatic diolens recovered from all of said zones.

9. A process as in claim 8 wherein the reaction zones are maintained at temperatures below about 80 F., and at pressures between about atmospheric and 500 pounds gage, the iinal zone being at substantially higher pressure than the preceding zones.

10. A process as in claim 8 wherein a cuprous bromide reagent is employed in the initial reaction zone whereby substantially pure cyclic oleiin complex compounds are precipitated.

11. A process as in claim 8 wherein a cuprous halide solution in dilute non-oxidizing strong mineral acid of about 2 to about 8 normality is employed in the initial reaction zone whereby substantially pure cyclic olefin complex compounds are precipitated.

12. A process as in claim 8 wherein the fractional precipitation and fractional decomposition operations produce substantially pure cyclic olefins from at least the initial 'reactionfzona substantially pure aliphatic diolens from at least the nal reaction zone, and mixtures of unsatisfactory purity produced by any of the interme- 40 diate reaction zones are recycled to the hydrocarbon stream undergoing treatment at a point of suitably corresponding composition.

13. A process for the segregation and recovery in concentrated form of (l) parafns, naphthenes or aromatics, (2) aliphatic oleflns, and (3) aliphatic dioleflns and cyclic oleflns from a hydrocarbon mixture containing the same which comprises reacting said hydrocarbon mixture with an aqueous cuprous halide reagent and thereby eifecting precipitation of the aliphatic dioleiin and cyclic olefin in the form of a com plex with the cuprous halide, and solution of the aliphatic oleiin in the reagent in the form of a soluble complex with the cuprous halide while leaving unreacted the paralns, naphthenes or aromatics contained in said mixture, separating said precipitated complex, said unreacted hydrocarbons and the resulting reagent from one another, recovering in concentrated form the aliphatic diolefln and cyclic olen content of the precipitated lcomplexby heating the same, and recovering in concentrated form the aliphatic olen from said resulting reagent by heating the same.

LLOYD C. MORRIS. 

